Are virtualization technologies in a cardholder data environment included in scope for PCI DSS?

Virtualization technologies in a cardholder data environment are indeed included in scope for PCI DSS, which makes the assertion true. This inclusion is important because PCI DSS aims to ensure that all systems and processes handling cardholder data are protected, regardless of whether they're operating as physical or virtual systems. Virtual machines can host applications and store data just like traditional servers, and they can be susceptible to similar security vulnerabilities, potentially exposing cardholder data if not properly secured.

By encompassing virtualization technologies in the scope, the PCI DSS helps enforce stringent security measures across all environments where cardholder data exists. Organizations must ensure that their virtualization infrastructure adheres to these standards, which includes implementing controls such as access management, network segmentation, and vulnerability management in both physical and virtual realms.

Other options suggest limitations or exclusions that do not align with the comprehensive nature of PCI DSS requirements. For instance, stating that only virtual servers are in scope does not capture the full range of potential risks associated with all kinds of virtual environments where cardholder data can be processed or stored. Similarly, the notion that the inclusion is dependent on internet connectivity overlooks the risk posed by internal threats and the importance of securing all systems within the cardholder data environment regardless of their network connectivity status.