Insecure communications can lead to which type of vulnerability?

Insecure communications primarily expose data to interception during transmission, which directly leads to the risk of data leakage. When data is sent over an unsecured channel, such as HTTP instead of HTTPS, there is a significant risk that malicious actors can intercept, read, or manipulate the data being transferred. This vulnerability becomes particularly critical when sensitive information, such as personal identification numbers, passwords, or other private data, is involved.

While the other options represent different categories of vulnerabilities in the security landscape, they do not directly stem from the vulnerabilities associated with insecure communications. For example, cross-site scripting pertains to injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by others, code injection generally involves manipulating code to alter application behavior, and session hijacking refers to the unauthorized takeover of a user session. Each of these vulnerabilities can occur in different contexts and arise from various issues, but data leakage during transmission is specifically a consequence of insecure communication practices. Thus, this option accurately captures the essence of the vulnerability associated with insecure communications.